Commutator.



PATBNTED MAR. 7, 1905.

G. GRABOSGH.

COMMUTATOR.

APPLIOATIDN FILED JULY ao. 1904.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

PATENTED MAR. 7, 1905.

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:liIiliiiiiii lii l l !l l No. 784,393. PATBNTED MAR. 7, 1905.

G. GRABOSC'H.

GOMMUTATOR.

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6 SHEETS-BREST 5.

UNITED STATES Patented March 7, 1905.

vPAT-ENT OFFICE.

GUSTAV GRABOSCH, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

COMMUTATOR.

SPECIFICKTION forming part of Letters Patent No. 784,393, dated March 7,1905. Application iled'July 30, 1904. Serial No. 218.917.

To all, whom it :ma/y concern;

Be it known that I, GUs'rAv Gnnnosoinasnbject of the King of Prussia`German Emperor, residing at Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, GermanEmpire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inUommutators, of which the following is s. full, clear, and exactdescription.

This' invention relates to improvements in apparatus for transmittingelectric signals or impulses by employing short and iong or positive andnegative impulses. According to the selected combination a specifiedpoint of thecircumference of a drum or moving part will be held orarrested in the desired place, or the desired circuits may beestablished for purposes of teiegraphy, telephony, or for transmittingany other signals.

The invention will be clearly understood from the following descriptionin connection with the accompanying drawings.

The features for which protection is desired are set forth in theclaims.

In the drawings,Figure lis adiagram matical view showing the relativearrangement of the iields or series-of contacts. Figs. 2 and 3 aresimilar views indicating the dilierent characters of signs or impulseswhich can be 1produced by the contacts in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a diagram ofa set of fields and a coacting set of contacts. Fig. 4 is a detailshowing certain transmitting-signals. Figs. 5 and 6 are diagrams whichtogether form a complete transmitting apparatus embodying the invention.Fig. 7 is a diagram of a transmitting device which can be substitutedfor that shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a detail diagram of n cutting-outdevice. Fig. 9 shows a modification of the apparatus. Figs. 10 and i1are side and front views of another modification thereof. Fig. 1i is adetail of Fig. 11. Fig. 12 shows another arrangement or modication. Fig.13 is a detail side elevation of afield, showing the alternatedepressions and projections. Fig. 14 is a side View of the preferredspecific nstruction of transmitting apparatus.

In theaccompanying drawings the two different quantities or powers aremarked by black and white spaces or fields, each containing a series ofelectrical contacts and arranged in parallel. as indicated, I, Il, III,IV, V, and VI in the drawings. lRow I of Fig. i contains sixty-fourspaces, row Il of Fig. only half the number of spaces-viz.,thirtytwo-each space of row II covering two spaces .of row I. Row IIIshows sixteen, row IV eight,

row V four, row VI two spaces, each row thus containing half the numberof spaces ot' the preceding and double the number of spaces of thefollowing row, each space covering two spaces of the preceding row. Thisdiagram, called a series of powers, ends thus with the sixth row, as itstwo spaces can only represent, like two spaces of row I, two different'powers or quantities. Figs. 2 and 3 contain sixty-four signs in eachrow. It is easily understood that if the diagram of Fig. 1 would end at32 or would he divided in two atthis point, as indicated at line Z Z,the two last powers or quantities differing from each other would befound in row V. If positive and negative impulses as two differentpowers are connected with the series of Fig. i-thc black spacesrepresenting the negative or minus and the white the positive or plusimpulseswthe rst horizontal row shows six black or minus spaces, thehorizontal row 2 s. white space in row I and five black ones in row IltoVI. Horizontal row 3 contains a black space in row I, a white space inrow II, and four black ones in row III to Vl. y

In horizontal row 4 the spaces succeed each other-white in rows l andIl, black in rows III to VI, &c.-as can be easily seen in'Fig. 1, thelast horizontal row 64 containing six white or positive spaces orfields. As the white spaces refer to plus and the black ones to minusimpulses, they can be replaced hy the signs themseives, thus giving thediagram Fig. 2. In this the first vertical row I contains alternatelyplus and minus, while the other rows agree in the same way with F ig. l.For instance, the horizontal row 32 is equal to live plus and one minusspaces and row 64 to six plus spaces. If it is intended to use only onekind of impulse, the two dierent quantities are represented by differentlength of time, (like the Morse signs.) The minus may then be replacedby the dot and the plus by the dash, as is shown in Fig. 3. In this theIDO horizontahrow 1. for instance, contains six dots; row 10, dash. dot,dot, dash, dot, dot; row 32, five dashes and one dot; row 64, Asixdashes. The diagram ot' Fig. 3 agrees, therefore, perfectly with thediagram of Figs. 1 and 2. It is therefore easy to understand that thesigns shown i Figs. 2 and 3 can be read without diiculty from left toright and that all horizontal rows from 1 to 64 in the diagram of Figs.2 and 3 have different signs and that none of these signs occu rs morethan once in the diagram. Each row 1 to 64 being represented by aparticular signal, it is merely necessary to transmit them by suitableapparatus or other means to obtain the desired fi'ect by joining up thesignals. This effect may be obtained, for instance, by printing one ofthe sixty-four signs or by circuitng one of sixty-four wires or thelike. Such apparatus is shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6. Forsake of lgreaterclearness a series of powers with only thirty-two horizontal rows orsigns is shown in Fig. 4 containing five vertical rows I to V. There aretwo ways of connecting the spaces which are shown in Fig. 4 in black andwhite into suitable apparatus in a practical manner. In the first casethe five rows of the series are arranged on' a plate, the black spacesand stripes being higher than the white ones as shown in Fig. 13. Theblack spaces represent, therefore, a higher level than the white ones.In this case some or all of the springs 14, l5, 16` 17, and 18 of acarrier 20, moving in the direction of the arrow 19 over the verticalrows I Il III IV V will vibrate` the vibrations dependingon the springspassing over the higher or the lower level of the rows I to V-viz., overan elevation or a recess. In the second case the spaces arranged in rowsare electrieally separated from each other, the black spaces beingelectrically connected among themselves and with a current-generator.rIhe white spaces of each row are also connected with each otherelectrically and can (each row separately) be supplied by a conductorwith current. Fig. 5 shows this device. If the five springs 14 15 16 1718 (see Fig. 4) only effect the desired operation when all live springsare in an elevated position, they will not assume such a position untilthey are brought opposite the first horizontal row of contacts by beingmoved in the direction of the arrow 19. rI`he printing or connectingapparatus is, however, only iniuenced when all springs are elevated. Ifany of the tive is depressed, no action can take place. Such mechanicalarrangements have been already made by Baudet and others and aresupposed to be well known. If the operation that takes place when thesprings are brought opposite the first horizontal row is to be repeatedor obtained when the springs reach row 13, it

would suffice to elevate those two springs me chanically or electricallythat are normally depressed at 13. These are the springs 16 and 17 ofthe vertical rows III and IV. It' they are raised before the carrier 2Ohas begun to move, the irst release takes place at 13 and the secondtime at 5, as observation will show. Thus it is clear that severalplaces exist where a release can take place. This repea-ted releasewould, however, make the apparatus useless it' it could not be eut outof the circuit after the first release. The proper position forreleasing each of the rows 1 to 32 is found by always beginning at row32 and then moving the carrier upward till the release has taken place,whereupon the apparatus is cut out of the circuit till the carrier 20has returned to the position shown in Fig. 4. Now row 31, Fig. 4, showsan elevation in row I and four depressions in rows Il, IlI, IV, and Vcorresponding with the springs 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the carrier 20. 1tthe springs 15, 16, 17, and 18 be elevated, the carrier 20 would releaseat 31, which is really the case as the `depressed spring 14 meets at 3Qa lowerlevel space ofrow I, and thus prevents a release till thedepressed spring 14 arrives at the h ighlevel space 31. Here the carrier.20 is released and the apparatus cutout ot' the circuit by knownmechanical or electrical dcvices. How the springs 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18have to be grouped for cach signal is shown by following the diagram ofFig. 4 from left to right. The white spaces of the vertical rows I, II,III, IV, and V agree with those springs 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 that haveto be raised before for the purpose of releasing the carrier 20 in thedesired place. It' the carrier were to be released at 27, the springs15, 17, and 18 would have to be elevated. For a release at thchorizontal row 13, for instance, the springs 16 and 17 would have to beraised; for 11, springs 15 and 17; for 5, spring 16, and for 3, spring15. As before mentioned, the movement of' the carrier E20 must begin foreach signal at the lower end ot' the rows I to V and stop in thathorizontal row where the release takes place, thus preventing arepetition of the release during the saine movement ol the carrier.IIeretofore it was assumed that the elevations and recesses shown in thediagram of Fig. 4 were lixed and that carrier 20 with the tivereleasing-springs moved in a straight line across it. The elevations andrecesses may be also arranged on the circumference of a drum, in whichcase either the carrier 2O or the drum may be revolved. Instead oftheelevations and recesses shown in Fig. 4 insulated strips of copper maybe used, with which brushes contact. Fig. 5 shows such a device. In thevertical rows I, Il, Ill, IV, and V the black spaces are connected bywire 6 and brush 7 with one pole of the battery' 8 and the white spacesby the contacting catches 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37 and the electromagnets38, 39, 40, 41, and 42 with the circuit of the battery 6.3. Theelectromagnet 43 or its armature 44 can cut the IOO IIS

white spaces out of the circuit. The electromagnet 43 attracts thearmature 44, thus pushing the contacting catches 33 34 35 36 37 to theleft, whereupon the armatures of the electromagnets 38 to 42 arereleased or lowered, it they had been raised before, like the armaturesof magnets 38 39 42 in Figs. 5 and 6. The attraction of the armature ofthe mabnets 38, 39, 40, 41, and 42, Fig. 5, has the same effect as theraising of the springs 14, 15. 16, 17, and 18 of Fig. 4. The release ofthe springs 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 is replaced in F ig. 5 by anarresting device A, that engages'the space 9 between two teeth of a rack12, and thus arrests the brushes in'the desired position by au extensionof an armature 26 of the magnet 45. As shown in Fig. 5, the armature 26of the magnet 45 has two extensions. One, 26', reaches to the rack 12.The other, 26, extends tothe 'right and carries the arma tu rcs of theelectromagnets 46, 47, 48, and 49. The other armatures are arranged insuch manner that they arrest the movement of the armature 26 tillmagnets 46, 47, 48, and 49 are actuated. The coils of magnets 45, 46,47, 48, and 49 are connected, on the one hand, to battery 8 and, on theother hand. to the brushes 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18. lf the brushes are tobe arrested at the horizontal row 13, the armature belonging to thecatches 35 and 36 must be attracted by their magnets 40'and 41, Fig. 5,this agreeing with the raising of the springs 16 and 17 in Figs. 4 and4", In this position of the brushes all spaces or fields of the verticalrows [Il and 1V, Fig. 5, are circuitcd by the brush 7 with one of thepoles of the battery 8. It is diicultto show the above circuits clearly,as the brushes 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 7 are passing over the horizontalrow 13 when the circuits are closed. According to Fig. 5 the thirteenthhorizontal row is thc only row where all contact-spaces are suppliedwithcurrent. In any other position no current passes through them. Thesegments or lields circuited by the magnets 41 and 42 are shown hatched.lf the device A be now moved in thd direction of the arrow 21, thebrushes 14, l5, 16, 17 and 18 contact with the segments or spaces on thevertical rows I, II, H1, V, and V, while the brush 7 passes the currentdirectly into the black spaces and indirectly into the hatched spaces bythe contacting catches 35 and 36. These circuits could not be veryclearly showni but it is only necessary to imagine the brushes 14, 18,and 7 contacting with the horizontal row 13. in all other positionsthere will be at least one brush out of contact. -i/Vhen the brushes 14,15, 16, 17, and 18 pass over segments with current, the correspondingmagnets 45, 46, 47, 48, and 49 will attract their armature and Finallyarrest the carrier by causing the armature 26 to engage the rack. Thiscannot occur before all magnets attract their armatures at once-'11. c.in the assumed position at 13. In all preceding rows there would be atleast one segment without current. W'hle in the drawings only a limitednumber of rows of contacts or fields are shown, it is obvious that aneven greater number of such lields may be used, and thereby the numberof individual signals capable of transmission by the apparatus bemultiplied to any desired extent. The methods for actuating thearmatures of the magncts38, 39, 40, 4l, and 42 of Fig. 5, (analogous tothe raising of springs 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18,) from a distance with asingle line are already known, but cannot be omitted if the apparatusdescribed herein is to be understood.

Both alternating or inverse currents ofdifferent length (Morse) may beemployed. A

device for the use of inverse or alternating currents is shown in Fig.6. 50 is an axle in perspective to which is lixed an escape-wheel 51(with tive teeth) on one side and an arm 52 for closing the current onthe other. The arm 52 glides over the contacts 53, 54, 55, 56, and 57,that are arranged on a disk of insulating material. The axle 50 may berotated with its arm 52 by any suitable means4for instance, by a weightfixed to a cord that is wound round the axle. The rotation begins themoment the lever 58 releases the escapewheel 51, the lever 58 beingswung by the armatures 59 and-60 or their extension. 61 is anantagonistic spring. A polarized-mag net system acts by means of coils62 and 63 attracting their armatures 59 and 60, magnet 62 only workingunder the influence of negative and magnet 63 ot' positive impulses.Magnet 63 also closes the contact 64. It magnet 62 is only energized,the escape-wheel 51 is released, allowing the axle to rotate. if magnet63, however, is energized, a current can pass by the contact 64 to thecontacts 53 to 57 besides. M ot' Fig. 5 is a transmitter of a distantstation. As an example it may consist of a key and a battery 22, that isconnected to the key by its poles and to earth in the middie. Thetransmitter can send impulse in inverse directions into the line.Battery 65 is connected on the one hand to contact 64 and on the otherto magnets 38, 39, 40, 41 and 42. From the poles of each of thesemagnets a wire leads to the contactfpieces 53, 54, 55, 56, and 57. 1fthe circuit is closed by the arm 52 sliding over the contact 53, thecontact-spring 66, sliding on axle 50, passes the current from thebattery 65 to the magnet 38. 1f contact 64 is, however, not closed, thearm 52 slides over the contact 53 without passing a current, and magnet38 is not energized. Thus signal No. 13, Fig. 4*, adjusts magnets 40 and41 by energizing them.

The device A, together with the brushes i4 to 18 and 7, is moved by anysuitable mechanism (not shown) which is preferably operated orcontrolled electrically. When the brushes arrive at the point wherecurrent is IDO found in all elds, the device A stops automatically andmust be returned to its original position of rest before beginninganother operative stroke. The mechanism for operating the device A iscontrolled electrically by closing a circuit between the lever 67 andcontact 68. These contacts are shown in Figs. 5 and 7; but theparticular mechanism for operating the device A is not shown, as itforms no part of the present invention.

If magnets 38, 39, 40, 41, and 42 are to be adjusted by currents ofdifferent length, (Morse,) the device shown in Fig. 7 is used, which isidentical with that of Fig. 6, with the exception of the magneticsystem. The transmitter of the distant station consists in this ease,however, of a Morse key'M and a battery 23, that is connected to earthwith one of its poles. The lines lead through the two magnets 69 and 70tothe ground E. The magnet 70 for the dots attracts its armature,forming one arm of the lever 58. The armature for the .magnet 69(for thedashes) is provided with an extension 7l for closing the contact 64 onthe one hand. On the other hand, extension 7l is connected with anarresting device 72 (which may consist of a wing-regulator) in such amanner that thecontact 64 can only be closed when magnet 69 receives acurrent during a longer space of time, corresponding to the length ofthe dashes of the Morse alphabet. It' currents, therefore, pass throughthe line and the twomagnets 7 0 and 69, the magnet 47() will release theescape-wheel 51 in any case, whether the impulse has the length of a dotor a dash; but it' the impulse onlyr lasts the time corresponding to adot contact 64 will not be closed, and arm 52 slides over the contacts53-57 without any current passing. Should the impulse-possess the lengthof a dash, the magnet 70 will first attract its armature 58, thuscausing thc'contact-arm 52 to rest on the corresponding contact 53-57till the arresting device 72 allows of aclosing of contact 64 by magnet69. When the current for the dash has ceased passing, both magnetsrelease their armatures, and a further impulse of a length of a dot canonly attract the armature 58 of the magnet 70. The local battery 65 thusadjusts the magnets 38, 39, 40, 41, and 42 in much the same manner as inFig. 6. If Fig. 7 takes the place of Fig. 6, the apparatus acts in thesame manner as described above. Figs. 6 and 7 may be, therefore,exchanged withoutcausing any material difference in the function oi' theapparatus.

Fig. 9 shows another arrangement of Fig. 5, with a side view of therotatory apparatus. The vertical rows ot' fields or segments I, I1, III,1V, and V are fixed on a drum, together with the toothed disk 12, whichengages the armature 26 of magnet 45. Fig. 9 only shows magnet 46, asthe magnets 47 48 49, Fig. 5, that lie in a line behind 46, areinvisible. The saine applies to the armatures of said magnets. Thecopper segments or elds of the rows I, II, III, IV, and V, that areconstantly joined up to the battery 8, are shown in Fig. 9 in black. Thecurrent passes into them by the commutatorl73, on which brush 74 slides,that is always connected with one pole of battery 8. The segments of thevertical rows I, II, III, IV, and V that are to be supplied with currentif signals are to be given are connected with the collecting-rings 75,76, 77, 78, and 79, with which the brushes 80, 81, 82, 83, and 84contact. These brushes are connected with 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37 of thediagram of Fig. 5. The brushes 14 15 16 17 of Fig. 9 have the samepurpose as those of Fig. 5 and are connected in the same way with themagnets 45 46 47 48 49. The outer switching devices, by which themagnets 38, 39, 40, 41, and 42, Fig. 5, are actuated, have been omittedin Fig. 9, as it is not intended to show a particular form ofcommutator. A motor 85 rotates the commutator.

Fig. 12 shows another kind of apparatus for releasing the springs 14,15, 16, 17, and 18, Fig. 4, that is characterized b v requiring but onearresting-magnet 45, the armature 26 of which engages the rack 12, asdescribed above. The vertical rows I. ll, III, IV, and V are againprovided with elevations and recesses, like in the diagram of Fig. 4. Aseach of the movable springs 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 closes in thiscommutator two contact-springs 14' 142, 15'152, 16 16, 17'172, 18'182,all these coutact-springs are connected with each other when the springs14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 have been elevated. The contact-springs 14' 14215'15216' 162 17 172 18' 182 are connected by wires with the armature ofthe magnets 38, 39, 40, 41, and 42, by which these armatures may beshort-circuited. 'lhe short-cireuitiug of a pair of contact-springs 15'152, lue., by the armature of one of the magnets 38 to 41 has the sameeifect as the raisingr ot' one. of the springs 14,15, 16, 17, and 18,because the raising of a spring short-circuits only one pair of springs14 15' 16, &e. The diagram ot' Fig. 12 shows this clearly. It also showsthat the magnet 45 is excited by the current from battery 8 if allcontact-springs 14' 142, Sac., are short-circuited. 'Ihe magnets 38, 39,40, 41, and 42 of Fig. 12 are actuated in the same manner as those shownin Figs. 6 and 7. The adjustment that is shown in Fig. 12 corresponds tothe row or point 2 of the circumference of the drum and to the same rowof the diagram of Fig. 4 that shows but one white space or field in rowI. For horizontal row 2 the magnet 38, Fig. 12, must therefore attractits armature, thus short-circuiting the pair of springs'14' 14, thecurrent from battery 8 then passing through 182, 18, 18', 172, 17, 17',162, 16, 16', 15, l5, 15', armature of magnet 38, the wires 14I w, tomagnet 45. The diagram Fig. 12 also shows that the magnet 45 will notstop the drum till this has arrived at 2, even if the rows I, II, III,IV, and V began with number 19. This agrees perfectly with theadjustment oi' signal 2 by exciting the magnet 38.

A modiiication of the device shown in Fig. 12 may be obtained by makingthe elevations of the vertical rows I, 1I, III, 1V, and V ot' someconducting material, (see Fig. 14,) which elevated spaces must be,however, insulated from each other. The contact -springs 14' slidedirect on the elevated spaces of rows I, 1l, 1li, 1V, and V and areshort-circuited by the latter. By this arrangement the springs 14 15 1617 18 may be omitted, the contacting of springs 14' 14 with the verticalconducting elevations of row I, of springs 15' 152 with elevations ofrow II, &c., replacing the action of the springs 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18.Each of the pairs of springs 14l and 15', l52 and 16', 16 and 17', 17and 18' may be replaced with advantage by a single contactspring, aseach pair is connected to the same wire, only the contact-springs 14'and 182 having a wire line of their own. The verti cal rows I, 1l, 111,1V, and V, 6to., may be mohnted on a drum. Such arrangement ofcommutator is shown in Fig. 14. The drum 'l revolves on its axle a andis provided with live rows I, Il, III, IV, and V, or a series of powersor contacts agreeing with the diagram Fig. 4. Each of the rows I, Il,III, 1V, and V consists of a cylinder, and are insulated from each otherand from the contact-disks c c by disks 'L'. On the axle a is mountedadisk 1Q, the circumference of which is toothed or indented to formsignal-spaces 9. This disk acts in the same manner as the rack 12 inFigs. 5 and12 by engaging the extension 26' of the armature 26, that isattracted by the electromagnet 45. The six contactsprings 14', 14, 15',152, 16', 162, 17', 17g, 18', and 18 rub on the corresponding verticalrows on the contact-disks c c and are short-circuited in passing overthe .elevated spaces, while the circuits are interrupted as they passover the recesses. The device shown in Fig. 14 can be combined eitherwith the device shown in Fig. 6, if positive and negative impulses areemployed, or with the device shown in Fig. 7, if `short and longimpulses are used. In this construction, as in all others where a drumis used, it is not necessary that all thirty-two horizontal rows arefixed in the drum. If fewer signals are required-for instance,twenty-eightwsolne of the first or the last rows may be omitted.

1t still remains to be shown how the magnet 43 is actuatedthat puts theadjusted contactcatches 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37 out of gear after theapparatus has been used and has to he prepared for further use. Fig.Sshowsa device which may be used for this purpose. The black part of itscircumference 1 to 32 of the drum moving in the direction of the arrowcontains the series of powers accordingto the diagram of Fig. 4. Whenthedrum is rcvolveihsprings 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 iirst touch thehighest number 32 of the series of powers moving in the directionoil rownumber 1. On the circumterence of the drum T between 1 and 32 there isaprojection 23, that closes the contact Q4 by means of a trolley. Battery25 can then excite the magnet 43, which cuts the contact-catches out ofthe circuit when the springs 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 have passed 32 andbefore they reach number 1, as is clearly shown in Fig. 5. Figs. 10, 11,and 11 showadevico that may be used, especially if the apparatus is tohe connected to several different circuits. For this purpose a number ofcontacts corresponding with the number of vpositions of theapparatus-for instance. thirty-two-arc arranged on the fixed disk N. Inthe middle of the disk N there is a device consisting of elevations andrecesses like those shown in the diagram ot' Fig. 4, {ixed on the convexsurface of a cylinder. Contrary to the arrangement of Fig. 9 the drum isimmovable and the arm 87 rotates round its axle in thc plumber-block 86,Figs. 10 and 11. Arm 87 carries the springs 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18, thateach close two contacts. The diagram ot' Fig. 11 shows an arrangement ofthe contacts, the action of which has been described in Fig. 11. Thelocal currentwires 103 and 194, Fig. 11, lead to two collecting-rings101 and 102 and two collecting-brushes 88 and 89. Into the lines 103 and104 must be inserted a magnet 45 to arrest the arm 87. 100 Thecontact-springs 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 and the two contact-springs 88and 89 are insulated, while the contact-spring 90 at the upper end ofthe rotating arm 87 is connected by its axle with the metal frame.Assuming the 105 arm 87 be rotated in thedirection of the arrow by apulley 105, the spring 90 glides over the contacts 32 31 30, &c., to 1.Supposing the contacts 32 31, etc., be joined up to relaylines thatcommand other circuits, it is easily 1 10 understood that by asuitableadjustment in the direction of the selected combination of impulses anyof the relay-circuits 1 to 32 may be closed continually. The magnet 45,Fig. l2, intended to adjust the apparatus by I I5 arresting it may inthis case, too, close a particular local circuit for the purpose ofadjusting the relays.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

1. In an electrical transmitting apparatus, a transmitter havingparallel rows of contacts. the first of said rows containing as r'nanycontacts as there are signals to be given, the second row containinghalf as many contacts as 12S the tirst row, the third row having halt'the number of the second row and so on. each contact of a subsequent rowbeing double the length of a contact in the preceding row, substantiallyas and for the purpose set forth.

2. In an electrical transmitting apparatus, a transmitter havingparallel rows of contacts, the first of said rows containing as manycontacts as there are signals to be given, the sec ond row containinghalf as many contacts as the first row, the third row having half thenumber of the vsecond row and so on, each contact of a subsequent rowbeing double the lengthcf a contact in the preceding row, in combinationwith a selecting device carrying a contact for each row on thetransmitter, said selector and transmitter being relatively movable,substantially as described.

3. 1n combination, a series of rows of contacts, the first of said rowscontaining as many contacts as there are different signals to be given,the second row containing half the number of' contacts of the first row,the third row half the number of the second row and so on, the last rowcontaining but two contacts, cach contact of' a later row being doublethe length of a contact of the next previous row, the contacts in eachrow being alternately on a high and a low level, and a number of devicescorresponding tothe rows of contacts and adapted to close a circuittherethrough, substantially as and f'or the purpose set forth.

4. An electric signal-selecting apparatus consisting of conductivecontacts insulated from each other and arranged in rows, the first ofsaid rows containing as many contacts as there are different signals tobe given, the second row containing half' the number of' contacts as thefirst row, the third row half the number of the second row, and so on,each contactof a later row being double the length of a field of' aprevious row, and the contacts in such row being alternately connectedwith cach other and to a source of' electricity; and a number of'sliding contacts one for each row, adapted to close the circuits,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In an apparatus for electric signaling by combining different kindsof electric impulses, a series of' insulated rows of contacts, the firstof said` rows containing as many contacts as there are different signalsto be transmitted, the second row containing half' the number of'contacts of the first row, the third row halfl the number of the secondrow, and so on, the contacts of each row being alternately connectedwith each other and in combination with a series of' relatively movablecontacts, one for each row and means for transmitting electricalimpulses through the respective contacts, suhstantially as and for thepurpose set f'orth.

6. In an apparatus f'or transmitting electrical signals or signs bycombining positive and negative impulses, aseries of rows of' insulatedcontacts, the first row containing as many contacts as'there are signalsto be transmitted, the second row containing' half the number ofIcontacts otthe first row, the third row half' the number of the secondrow, and so on, the last l'ow containing but two contacts, the contactsin each row being alternately connected by a wire with each other with asliding contact 7 and with a source of' electricity 8; a corresponding'number of' sliding contacts 14, 15, 16, 17, 18. and electromagnets 45,46, 47, 48, 49, with a common armature 26, a rack 12, atransmitter-battery 22 and key, two electromagncts, 62. G3, a forkedlever 58, an escape-wheel 51 and a contact-arm 52 on a common axle 50,means for rotating said axle, a disk with contacts 53-57 anelectromagnet 38-42 with armature for each row I-V, a local battery 65,catches 33-37 for said armature and an electromagnet 43, with armature44, substantially and for the purpose set f'orth.

7. In an apparatus for transmitting signs or signals by electriccurrents, a transmittingsurface containing a series of rows of contacts,each succeeding row containing' half as many contacts as the nextpreceding' row; with a circuit-closing device adapted to simultaneouslymake contact with transversely-alined contacts in the rows, and meansfor adjusting said device so that it will close the contacts atpredetermined points on the transmitter, substantially as described. l

8. In an apparatus f'or transmitting signs or signals by electriccurrents, a transmittingsurf'ace containing a series of' rows of' contacts, the alternate contacts in cach row being of op posite polarity,and each succeeding row containing halfl as many contacts as the nextpreceding row; with a circuit closing device adapted to simultaneouslymalte contact with the transversely-alined contacts in the rows, andmeans for adjusting said device so that it will close the con tacts atpredetermined poin ts on the transmitting-surfaer, substantially as setforth.

9. 1n an electrical transmitter having parallel rows of'circuit-controlling spaces, the second of' such rows having halfl asmany spaces as the first row, the third row having' half' as many spacesas the second row, and so on, substantially as set forth.

10. 1n an electrical transmitter having parallel rows of'circuit-controllingl spaces, the second of' such rows having' half' asmany spaces as the first row, the third row having half| as many spacesas the second row, and scf on, the spaces in each subsequent row beingdouble the length of' the spaces in the next preceding row,substantially as and for the purpose described.

11. In an electrical transmitting apparatus, a transmitter havingparallel rows of circuit controlling spaces, the second of such rowshaving half' as many spaces as the first row, the third row having halfas many spaces as the second row, and so on; in combination with aselecting device foreach row, the transmitter and selecting devicesheilig relatively movable, substantially as described.

12. [n an electrical transmitting apparatus,

lOO

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c con'ibination of a transmitter having par- .llcl rows of circuit-controlling spaces, the second of' such rows having half as manyspaces as the first row, the third row having half as many spaces as thesecond row, and so on, the spaces in each subsequent row being doublethe length of the spaces in the next pre* ceding row; with a selectingdevice for each row, said devices being arranged in line, thetransmittcrand selecting devices being relatively movable, substantiallyas described.

13. 1n an apparatus for transmitting signs or signals by electriccurrents, a transmittingsurface containing a series of rows ofcircuitcontrolling spaces, cach succeeding row containing half as manyspaces as the next preccd i ng row; with circuit-closingdevces adaptedto siinuitaneously coact with transverseiyalincd spaces in the rows, andmeans for ad justing said devices so that the circuits are closed atpredetermined points on the transmitter, substantially as described.

14. An apparatus for transmitting different kinds of electric impulses,comprising parallel rows of contacts; each subsequent row containing buthalf as many contacts as the pre ceding row, and the contacts in eachrow being separated by depressions; with means adapted to short-circuitadjacent rows of contacts.

i5. 1n combination, a series oi parallel conductive iields eachcontaining a series of contacts insulated from each other and arrangedon a drum, the first of said fields having as many contacts as there aredifferent signals to be transmitted, the second field containing half asmany contacts as the first iield, the third field half as many as thesecond lield, and so on, each contact in a later field being double thelength of the contact in the next previous iield, the contacts in cachfield being separated by depressiomacorresponding n umber of pairs ofsliding springs electrically connected with a battery, means forcont-rolling said springs and means for transmitting the impulses fromsaid springs to their respective iields, substantially as and forthepnrpose set forth.

16. ln combination, conductive fields, each composed of a series ofcontacts insulated from each other, said fields being arranged on a drumin parallel, the lirst of said fields coutaining a number of contactsequal te the dit'- ferent signals to be transmittei'l, the second fieldcontaining half the number of' contacts as the first, the third fieldhalf as many contacts as the second, and so on, the contacts in eachfield being separated by depression, a contact-disk at cach end of thedrum, a corresponding number of' contact-springs 14', 142,

l5', 152, 16', 162, 17', 172, and 1S', 182 electric-- ally connectedwith a battery, and means for transmitting the impulses from thecontacts to their respective fields, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

1n witness whercot'l subscribein \'signature in presence of twowitnesses.

GUSTAV GRABOSCH. iiitnesses:

HENRY Hasrna, FRANK H. Mason.

